{
  "verifiedAt": "2026-08-27",
  "currency": "USD",
  "notes": "SANDBOX-COMPARE 2026-08-24 initial capture: agent-sandbox compute rates fetched live from official pricing pages on 2026-08-24 (per-vendor capturedAt). Modeling honesty: RAM is billed separately by every captured vendor, so the model prices vCPU-hours and GiB-hours independently; null never means zero — uncaptured rates render unranked instead of being guessed. Excluded line items (storage, snapshots, coordination fees, regional multipliers, GPU tiers) are stated in per-vendor notes. Hetzner baseline is the US-location price set Hetzner's public price API serves from the capture network; EU datacenter list prices are lower. | 2026-08-24 expansion pass: +Cloudflare Containers & Northflank captured from live pricing pages; +Fly Machines unranked (bundle-preset pricing); E2B & Modal second-source verified on-page same day. | 2026-08-25 pass: all 10 vendors re-checked against live sources — 8 rate sets confirmed unchanged on-page, fly/morph statuses re-confirmed, hetzner source token-gated (see its row note); zero rate drift.",
  "modelInputs": {
    "sandboxHoursPerMonth": 500,
    "vcpusPerSandbox": 2,
    "ramGiBPerSandbox": 4
  },
  "vendors": [
    {
      "slug": "e2b",
      "referralStatus": "pending",
      "name": "E2B",
      "vendor": "E2B Networks, Inc.",
      "url": "https://e2b.dev/",
      "pricingUrl": "https://e2b.dev/pricing",
      "vcpuPerHour": 0.0504,
      "ramPerGiBHour": 0.0162,
      "billingGranularitySeconds": 1,
      "freeCreditsUsd": 100,
      "concurrencyLimitNote": "Hobby ≤20 concurrent sandboxes; Pro ≤100 (extensible to 1,100). Session caps: ≤1h Hobby, ≤24h Pro.",
      "hostMonthlyUsd": null,
      "hostConcurrentSandboxes": null,
      "priceCaptured": true,
      "capturedAt": "2026-08-24",
      "notes": "Per-second billing on both axes: $0.000014/vCPU/s (= $0.0504/vCPU-hr) + $0.0000045/GiB/s (= $0.0162/GiB-hr). Hobby free tier + $100 one-time credit; Pro adds $150/mo. Storage 10 GiB (Hobby) / 20 GiB (Pro) free — included, not modeled. Ultimate tier is contact-sales.",
      "skipNote": "Skip if your agents need long-lived environments — Hobby sessions die at 1h and Pro at 24h; this is for short-lived code-running sandboxes.",
      "secondSourceNote": "Second-source verified on vendor page 2026-08-24: CPU $0.000014/vCPU/s and memory $0.0000045/GiB/s both read directly from e2b.dev/pricing usage-cost table; Hobby $100 credit + Pro $150/mo re-confirmed. | 2026-08-25 live re-check: e2b.dev/pricing still serves $0.000014/vCPU/s + $0.0000045/GiB/s and Pro $150/mo — rates unchanged."
    },
    {
      "slug": "daytona",
      "referralStatus": "pending",
      "name": "Daytona",
      "vendor": "Daytona Platforms Ltd.",
      "url": "https://www.daytona.io/",
      "pricingUrl": "https://www.daytona.io/pricing",
      "vcpuPerHour": 0.0504,
      "ramPerGiBHour": 0.0162,
      "billingGranularitySeconds": 1,
      "freeCreditsUsd": 200,
      "concurrencyLimitNote": "No self-serve concurrency cap published at capture time.",
      "hostMonthlyUsd": null,
      "hostConcurrentSandboxes": null,
      "priceCaptured": true,
      "capturedAt": "2026-08-24",
      "notes": "Published rates match E2B to the fourth decimal: $0.0504/vCPU-hr + $0.0162/GiB-hr, billed per second. $200 starter credit (startup program up to $50k). EXCLUDED LINE ITEMS: storage $0.000108/GiB-h beyond 5 free GiB, Windows images +$0.0858/vCPU-h, GPU tiers ($0.57–2.61/hr).",
      "skipNote": "Skip if you want the most battle-tested SDK ecosystem — E2B has the larger community around code-interpreter sandboxes at identical rates.",
      "secondSourceNote": "2026-08-25 live re-check: daytona.io/pricing still quotes $0.0504/vCPU-hr + $0.0162/GiB-hr — unchanged."
    },
    {
      "slug": "beam-sandbox",
      "referralStatus": "pending",
      "name": "Beam (sandbox)",
      "vendor": "Beam Cloud",
      "url": "https://beam.cloud/",
      "pricingUrl": "https://beam.cloud/pricing",
      "vcpuPerHour": 0.0675,
      "ramPerGiBHour": 0.02304,
      "billingGranularitySeconds": 0.001,
      "freeCreditsUsd": 30,
      "concurrencyLimitNote": "No self-serve concurrency cap published at capture time.",
      "hostMonthlyUsd": null,
      "hostConcurrentSandboxes": null,
      "priceCaptured": true,
      "capturedAt": "2026-08-24",
      "notes": "Sandbox rates: $0.0000375/physical-core/s (core = 2 vCPU ⇒ $0.135/core-hr ⇒ $0.0675/vCPU-hr) + $0.0000064/GiB/s (= $0.02304/GiB-hr), millisecond billing. Cross-check: the vendor's own worked example (1 core / 8 GiB = $0.319/hr) matches our model exactly. $30/month RECURRING free credit. Serverless (non-sandbox) functions bill lower rates on a separate card.",
      "skipNote": "Skip if you want the biggest platform — young product; fine for browser/computer-use sandboxes, thinner on compliance and regions than E2B or Modal.",
      "secondSourceNote": "2026-08-25 live re-check: beam.cloud/pricing Sandboxes section still $0.0000375/core/s (= $0.0675/vCPU-hr at 2 vCPU/core) + $0.0000064/GiB/s (= $0.02304) — unchanged. The cheaper $0.0000125/$0.0000021 rates on the same page are the Endpoints (GPU deployment) product, not Sandboxes."
    },
    {
      "slug": "modal-sandbox",
      "referralStatus": "pending",
      "name": "Modal (Sandboxes)",
      "vendor": "Modal Labs, Inc.",
      "url": "https://modal.com/",
      "pricingUrl": "https://modal.com/pricing",
      "vcpuPerHour": 0.071,
      "ramPerGiBHour": 0.024,
      "billingGranularitySeconds": 1,
      "freeCreditsUsd": 30,
      "concurrencyLimitNote": "Concurrency scales with plan; Starter $30/mo credits, Team $250/mo incl. $100/mo credits, Enterprise custom.",
      "hostMonthlyUsd": null,
      "hostConcurrentSandboxes": null,
      "priceCaptured": true,
      "capturedAt": "2026-08-24",
      "notes": "Uses Modal's SEPARATE Sandbox rate card: $0.00003942/core/s (⇒ ≈$0.142/core-hr ⇒ $0.071/vCPU-hr) + $0.00000667/GiB/s (≈$0.024/GiB-hr). Modal's general CPU functions are much cheaper (≈$0.0236/vCPU-hr + $0.008/GiB-hr) but are a different product — do not confuse the two cards. EXCLUDED LINE ITEMS: regional multipliers 1.5–1.75×, non-preemptible 3×, volumes $0.09/GiB-mo (1 TiB/mo free).",
      "skipNote": "Skip if pure sandbox price is the decision — you pay ~40% over E2B/Daytona for the same vCPU-hour; Modal earns it back only when the rest of your stack already lives on Modal functions.",
      "secondSourceNote": "Second-source verified on vendor page 2026-08-24: Sandboxes card read directly from modal.com/pricing — $0.00003942/core/s (physical core = 2 vCPU ⇒ $0.071/vCPU-hr) and $0.00000667/GiB/s; minimum 0.125 cores/container noted. | 2026-08-25 live re-check: modal.com/pricing sandbox section still $0.00003942/core/s (= $0.07096/vCPU-hr at 2 vCPU/core) + $0.00000667/GiB/s (= $0.024) — unchanged. The $0.0000131/$0.00000222 pair is Modal's general serverless-functions pricing, not Sandboxes."
    },
    {
      "slug": "runloop",
      "referralStatus": "pending",
      "name": "Runloop",
      "vendor": "Runloop AI, Inc.",
      "url": "https://www.runloop.ai/",
      "pricingUrl": "https://www.runloop.ai/pricing",
      "vcpuPerHour": 0.108,
      "ramPerGiBHour": 0.0252,
      "billingGranularitySeconds": 1,
      "freeCreditsUsd": 50,
      "concurrencyLimitNote": "Plan-based: Basic free + usage; Pro $250/mo + usage; Enterprise custom.",
      "hostMonthlyUsd": null,
      "hostConcurrentSandboxes": null,
      "priceCaptured": true,
      "capturedAt": "2026-08-27",
      "notes": "Devbox rates: $0.108/CPU-hr + $0.0252/GB-hr (vendor states GB; treated ≈ GiB — approximation labeled). $50 trial credit, no card. EXCLUDED LINE ITEMS: devbox storage $0.00034236/GB-h, snapshots/blueprints $0.000072/GB-h, Axon coordination $0.006/active-axon-hr + $0.20/GB-mo inactive storage — agentic workloads touching several of these can add materially.",
      "skipNote": "Skip unless you specifically want its Devbox/Blueprint workflow — the highest per-hour rates captured here, with add-on fees on top.",
      "secondSourceNote": "2026-08-25 live re-check: runloop.ai/pricing still quotes $0.108/vCPU-hr + $0.0252/GB-hr — unchanged."
    },
    {
      "slug": "hetzner-firecracker",
      "referralStatus": "pending",
      "name": "Self-host Firecracker (Hetzner)",
      "vendor": "Hetzner Online GmbH",
      "url": "https://www.hetzner.com/cloud/",
      "pricingUrl": "https://www.hetzner.com/cloud/",
      "vcpuPerHour": null,
      "ramPerGiBHour": null,
      "billingGranularitySeconds": null,
      "freeCreditsUsd": null,
      "concurrencyLimitNote": "Bounded only by host capacity — the point of self-hosting.",
      "hostMonthlyUsd": 153.59,
      "hostConcurrentSandboxes": 8,
      "hostVcpus": 16,
      "hostRamGiB": 32,
      "priceCaptured": true,
      "capturedAt": "2026-08-24",
      "notes": "Baseline host: Hetzner CPX62 — 16 shared-AMD vCPU / 32 GiB / 640 GiB NVMe, incl. one IPv4 — USD list $153.59/mo ($0.2462 hourly cap). Price set is what Hetzner's public price API serves from the capture network (US locations ASH1/HIL1); EU datacenter list prices are lower. hostConcurrentSandboxes = capacity at the reference profile (2 vCPU / 4 GiB ⇒ 8 sandboxes/host); other profiles fit min(hostVcpus/vcpu, hostRam/ram) sandboxes (min over resource dimensions, R6b 2026-08-24). EXCLUDED COSTS (the honest ones): ops labor, Firecracker host setup and image pipeline, backups, idle time between bursts, multi-region presence.",
      "skipNote": "Skip if usage is bursty or spiky — the host bills 24/7 whether sandboxes run or not; below roughly half utilization the managed providers win on total cost and you still own the pager.",
      "secondSourceNote": "2026-08-25 re-check attempt: api.hetzner.cloud/v1/pricing requires an HCLOUD_TOKEN (unavailable this pass) and hetzner.com/cloud renders plan tables only via lazy JS that did not expose CPX62 — rate NOT re-verifiable today; 2026-08-24 API capture stands."
    },
    {
      "slug": "morph",
      "referralStatus": "absent",
      "name": "Morph",
      "vendor": "Morph Labs",
      "url": "https://morph.so/",
      "pricingUrl": "https://morph.so/pricing",
      "vcpuPerHour": null,
      "ramPerGiBHour": null,
      "billingGranularitySeconds": null,
      "freeCreditsUsd": null,
      "concurrencyLimitNote": null,
      "hostMonthlyUsd": null,
      "hostConcurrentSandboxes": null,
      "priceCaptured": false,
      "capturedAt": "2026-08-24",
      "notes": "NOT CAPTURED: morph.so renders its pricing client-side — no rate constants in the served HTML or JS bundles, and its docs domain did not resolve from the capture network during the 2026-08-24 pass. Historical per-vCPU/RAM figures circulate in older comparisons, but we don't quote numbers we couldn't re-verify, so Morph renders unranked here.",
      "skipNote": "Listed for completeness — verify directly with the vendor until a verifiable public rate card exists.",
      "secondSourceNote": "2026-08-25 live re-check: morph.so/pricing is STILL a client-rendered shell (2.7KB HTML, zero rate constants in served markup) — NOT CAPTURED status confirmed."
    },
    {
      "slug": "cloudflare-containers",
      "referralStatus": "absent",
      "name": "Cloudflare Containers",
      "vendor": "Cloudflare, Inc.",
      "url": "https://developers.cloudflare.com/containers/",
      "pricingUrl": "https://developers.cloudflare.com/containers/pricing/",
      "vcpuPerHour": 0.072,
      "ramPerGiBHour": 0.009,
      "billingGranularitySeconds": 0.01,
      "freeCreditsUsd": null,
      "concurrencyLimitNote": "Requires Workers Paid $5/mo. Included monthly: 375 vCPU-minutes, 25 GiB-hours memory, 200 GB-hours disk; usage beyond included bills at the listed rates.",
      "hostMonthlyUsd": null,
      "hostConcurrentSandboxes": null,
      "priceCaptured": true,
      "capturedAt": "2026-08-24",
      "notes": "Billed per 10ms of active run time: $0.000020/vCPU-s (⇒ $0.072/vCPU-hr) + $0.0000025/GiB-s (⇒ $0.009/GiB-hr). CPU bills on ACTIVE usage only; memory/disk on provisioned instance size. EXCLUDED LINE ITEMS: disk $0.00000007/GB-s (⇒ ≈$0.252/GB-hr), the $5/mo Workers Paid plan fee, and the small monthly included allowances.",
      "skipNote": "Skip if you want vendor-managed snapshot/resume semantics — Containers scale to zero but have no cross-machine session pause/resume story like E2B/Daytona snapshots.",
      "secondSourceNote": "2026-08-25 live re-check: developers.cloudflare.com/containers/pricing still $0.00002/vCPU/s (= $0.072/hr) + $0.0000025/GiB/s (= $0.009/hr) — unchanged."
    },
    {
      "slug": "northflank",
      "referralStatus": "absent",
      "name": "Northflank",
      "vendor": "Northflank Ltd.",
      "url": "https://northflank.com/",
      "pricingUrl": "https://northflank.com/pricing",
      "vcpuPerHour": 0.01667,
      "ramPerGiBHour": 0.00833,
      "billingGranularitySeconds": 1,
      "freeCreditsUsd": null,
      "concurrencyLimitNote": "No hard concurrency cap published; predefined plans from 0.1 shared vCPU / 256 MB to dedicated GPU tiers, custom plans available.",
      "hostMonthlyUsd": null,
      "hostConcurrentSandboxes": null,
      "priceCaptured": true,
      "capturedAt": "2026-08-27",
      "notes": "Unit rate card read directly from northflank.com/pricing: CPU $0.01667/vCPU/hr + memory $0.00833/GB/hr, billed per second. Verified against their own preset table: nf-compute-100-2 (1 dedicated vCPU + 2 GiB) = $24/mo ($0.0333/hr) exactly reproduces from the unit rates. EXCLUDED LINE ITEMS: egress $0.06/GB, disk $0.15/GB-mo, GPU tiers (L4 $0.80/hr → RTX PRO 6000 $3.00/hr), BYOC option priced separately.",
      "skipNote": "Skip if you need agent-native session semantics (snapshot/pause-resume) — Northflank is general container platform pricing applied to long-running services and jobs, not a purpose-built agent sandbox SDK.",
      "secondSourceNote": "2026-08-25 live re-check: northflank.com/pricing still quotes $0.01667/vCPU-hr + $0.00833/GiB-hr — unchanged."
    },
    {
      "slug": "fly-machines",
      "referralStatus": "absent",
      "name": "Fly Machines",
      "vendor": "Fly.io Inc.",
      "url": "https://fly.io/",
      "pricingUrl": "https://fly.io/docs/about/pricing/",
      "vcpuPerHour": null,
      "ramPerGiBHour": null,
      "billingGranularitySeconds": 1,
      "freeCreditsUsd": null,
      "concurrencyLimitNote": null,
      "hostMonthlyUsd": null,
      "hostConcurrentSandboxes": null,
      "priceCaptured": false,
      "capturedAt": "2026-08-24",
      "notes": "NOT RANKED: Fly prices named CPU/RAM PRESETS as bundles (e.g. performance-2x/4GiB $0.0861/hr; shared-cpu-4x/8GiB $0.0594/hr) — the bundle does not decompose into a per-vCPU + per-GiB pair that holds across presets (implied RAM ranges ≈$7–8/GiB-hr depending on which rows you difference), so an honest fit into our two-axis model isn't possible without inventing numbers. Per-second billing confirmed; 40% reservation discounts exist (12-mo upfront commitments). Representative presets are quoted here so you can compare directly against ranked vendors' modeled outputs.",
      "skipNote": "Skip if you need a single per-vCPU+per-GiB price — Fly sells bundled presets that don’t decompose into our two-axis model; compare preset totals directly.",
      "secondSourceNote": "2026-08-25 live re-check: fly.io pricing docs still quote performance-2x/4GiB $0.0861/hr and shared-cpu-4x/8GiB $0.0594/hr — bundle-only structure confirmed, stays unranked."
    }
  ],
  "rankingAtDefaultInputs": [
    {
      "slug": "e2b",
      "rank": 3,
      "monthlyTotalUsd": 82.8,
      "effectivePerSandboxHourUsd": 0.1656,
      "multipleOfCheapest": 2.5
    },
    {
      "slug": "daytona",
      "rank": 2,
      "monthlyTotalUsd": 82.8,
      "effectivePerSandboxHourUsd": 0.1656,
      "multipleOfCheapest": 2.5
    },
    {
      "slug": "beam-sandbox",
      "rank": 5,
      "monthlyTotalUsd": 113.58000000000001,
      "effectivePerSandboxHourUsd": 0.22716000000000003,
      "multipleOfCheapest": 3.4
    },
    {
      "slug": "modal-sandbox",
      "rank": 6,
      "monthlyTotalUsd": 119,
      "effectivePerSandboxHourUsd": 0.238,
      "multipleOfCheapest": 3.6
    },
    {
      "slug": "runloop",
      "rank": 8,
      "monthlyTotalUsd": 158.4,
      "effectivePerSandboxHourUsd": 0.3168,
      "multipleOfCheapest": 4.8
    },
    {
      "slug": "hetzner-firecracker",
      "rank": 7,
      "monthlyTotalUsd": 153.59,
      "effectivePerSandboxHourUsd": 0.30718,
      "multipleOfCheapest": 4.6
    },
    {
      "slug": "morph",
      "rank": null,
      "monthlyTotalUsd": null,
      "effectivePerSandboxHourUsd": null,
      "multipleOfCheapest": null
    },
    {
      "slug": "cloudflare-containers",
      "rank": 4,
      "monthlyTotalUsd": 90,
      "effectivePerSandboxHourUsd": 0.18,
      "multipleOfCheapest": 2.7
    },
    {
      "slug": "northflank",
      "rank": 1,
      "monthlyTotalUsd": 33.33,
      "effectivePerSandboxHourUsd": 0.06666,
      "multipleOfCheapest": 1
    },
    {
      "slug": "fly-machines",
      "rank": null,
      "monthlyTotalUsd": null,
      "effectivePerSandboxHourUsd": null,
      "multipleOfCheapest": null
    }
  ]
}